PMC

Lowering uric acid prevents hepatic steatosis in the pound mouse. A, quantity of uric acid in liver extracts from lean, pound, and pound with allopurinol mice. B, concentration of TG (milligrams/g of soluble protein) in liver extracts from lean, pound, and pound with allopurinol mice. C, concentration of cholesterol (total and sterol esters) in liver extracts from lean, pound, and pound with allopurinol mice. D, NOX4 mitochondrial activity in liver extracts from lean, pound, and pound with allopurinol mice. E, mitochondrial aconitase activity in liver extracts from lean, pound, and pound with allopurinol mice. F, cytoplasmic citrate in levels liver extracts from lean, pound, and pound with allopurinol mice. (n = 5 for each group.) *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

A. Body mass of leptin receptor-deficient POUND mice is significantly greater than that of lean, wild-type (WT) mice (left panel). The image on the right shows the obese phenotype of a POUND mouse (top) compared with wild-type (bottom). B. Tibialis anterior muscle mass is significantly decreased in leptin receptor-deficient POUND mice. C. Frozen sections of the extensor digitorum longus muscle illustrate the larger muscle fibers and fiber cross-sectional areas of wild-type mice (WT, top row) compared to POUND mice (bottom row). D. Quantitative assessment of muscle fiber cross-sectional area demonstrates significantly decreased muscle fiber size in POUND mice. Mice are 16 weeks of age.

A. Primary myoblasts cultures from wild-type and POUND mice show a significant decrease in the proliferation and metabolic activity of myoblasts in POUND mice compared to normal wild-type mice as measured using MTS assay (left panel). B. Myoblasts from POUND mice (right panel, top micrograph) fail to differentiate normally and after 7 days do not develop into the elongate myotubes characteristic of normal, wild-type mice (right panel, bottom micrograph). C. Real-time PCR data show that that the early marker of myoblast differentiation, MyoD (left graph), and the later differentiation marker myogenin (right graph) are both significantly downregulated in myoblasts from POUND mice.

TREM-1 inhibition decreases NET-induced endothelial cell activation. The expression of several endothelial activation markers was determined by flow cytometry 6 h after the coincubation of HPMECs with NETs (10 µg/ml) and hLR12 (25 µg/ml). n.s. Not significant, * or ^£P < 0.05, ** or ^££p < 0.01, *** or ^£££p < 0.005, **** or ^££££p < 0.005 (* versus PMN alone, ^£ versus LPS). The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test; n = 4)